ConfiguringAixClients#

Back to FreeIPAv1:Client Configuration Guide

Introduction#

This document describes the procedures required to configure AIX 5.3 as an IPA client, hints for later AIX versions are also included.

Prerequisites#

Before you begin the configuration phase, you need to ensure that the following software is installed and up to date on your system. This can be installed from your AIX media:

v5.3 OS
v5.3 Updates
krb5 client packages
openssh
wget
bash
ldap.client (idsldap)
openssl
modcrypt.base (for gssd)

Configuring the IPA Client on AIX 5.3#

The following instructions describe how to configure AIX 5.3 as an IPA client. The following hostnames are used as examples only; you need to replace these with the hostnames that apply to your deployment.

REALM = EXAMPLE.COM
IPA server = ipaserver.example.com
IPA client = ipaclient.example.com

Configuring Kerberos and LDAP#

Configure the krb5 client settings as follows:

`` # mkkrb5clnt -r EXAMPLE.COM -d example.com -c ipaserver.example.com -s ipaserver.example.com``

Get a Kerberos ticket.

`` # kinit admin``

Configure the LDAP client settings as follows:

`` # mksecldap -c -h ipaserver.example.com -d cn=accounts,dc=example,dc=com -a uid=nss,cn=sysaccounts,cn=etc,dc=example,dc=com -p secret``

Add custom settings for the LDAP client.

Under /etc/security/ldap create 2 new map files:

#IPAuser.map file
keyobjectclass  SEC_CHAR        posixaccount            s

# The following attributes are required by AIX to be functional
username        SEC_CHAR        uid                     s
id              SEC_INT         uidnumber               s
pgrp            SEC_CHAR        gidnumber               s
home            SEC_CHAR        homedirectory           s
shell           SEC_CHAR        loginshell              s
gecos           SEC_CHAR        gecos                   s
spassword       SEC_CHAR        userpassword            s
lastupdate      SEC_INT         shadowlastchange        s

#IPAgroup.map file
groupname       SEC_CHAR    cn                    s
id              SEC_INT     gidNumber             s
users           SEC_LIST    member                m

Change the /etc/security/ldap/ldap.cfg file and set the relevant
options as follow.
In this example the RELAM name is EXAMPLE.COM and the basedn is
dc=example,dc=com
Change all basedns values to conform to your installation realm name.

userbasedn:cn=users,cn=accounts,dc=example,dc=com
groupbasedn:cn=groups,cn=accounts,dc=example,dc=com

userattrmappath:/etc/security/ldap/IPAuser.map
groupattrmappath:/etc/security/ldap/IPAgroup.map

userclasses:posixaccount

Start the ldap client daemon.

`` # start-secldapclntd``

Test the LDAP client connection to the IPA server.

`` # lsldap -a passwd``

Configure the system login to use Krberos and LDAP

Add the following sections to the file /usr/lib/security/methods.cfg

KRB5A:
        program = /usr/lib/security/KRB5A
        program_64 = /usr/lib/security/KRB5A_64
        options = authonly

KRB5ALDAP:
        options = auth=KRB5A,db=LDAP

For AIX 6.1 the line

options = authonly

should be changed into

options = authonly,kadmind=no

Edit the file /etc/security/user

In the default section change the options ‘SYSTEM’ and ‘registry’ to look like this:

SYSTEM = "KRB5ALDAP"
regisrty = LDAP

Please note: due to these changes to /etc/security/user LDAP is configured, leading to local users with no individual entry not beeing able to login. According to previous testing not setting registry to LDAP is not preventing IPA users to login, but is preventing them to change passwords.

Configuring Client SSH Access#

You can configure the IPA client to accept incoming SSH requests and authenticate with the user’s Kerberos credentials. After configuring the IPA client, use the following procedure to configure the IPA client for SSH connections. Remember to replace the example host and domain names with your own host and domain names:

SSH syslog Configuration

auth.info       /var/log/sshd.log
auth.info       /var/log/sshd.log
auth.crit       /var/log/sshd.log
auth.warn       /var/log/sshd.log
auth.notice     /var/log/sshd.log
auth.err        /var/log/sshd.log

SSH Logging Configuration

SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO

Configure sshd for GSSAPI (/etc/ssh/sshd_config)

# GSSAPI options
GSSAPIAuthentication yes
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes

Restart sshd

# stopsrc -s sshd
# startsrc -s sshd

Restart syslogd

# stopsrc -s syslogd
# startsrc -s syslogd

Note:

The ipa-admintools package is not available for AIX. Consequently, you need to perform the following commands on the IPA server.

Add a host service principal on IPA v2:

# ipa service-add host/ipaclient.example.com

Please note: adding the service principal should no longer be required, but host-add and a host-add-managedby should be enough:

# ipa host-add ipaclient.example.com
# ipa host-add-managedby --hosts=ipaserver.example.com ipaclient.example.com

Retrieve the host keytab.

# ipa-getkeytab -s ipaserver -p host/ipaclient.example.com -k /tmp/krb5.keytab

Copy the keytab from the server to the client.

# scp /tmp/krb5.keytab root@ipaclient.example.com:/tmp/krb5.keytab

On the IPA client, use the ktutil command to import the keytab.

# ktutil
ktutil: read_kt /tmp/krb5.keytab
ktutil: write_kt /etc/krb5/krb5.keytab
ktutil: q

10. Add a user that is only used for authentication. (This can be substituted with krb5 authentication if that works from the ldap client). Otherwise go to the IPA server and use ldapmodify, bind as Directory Manager and create this user.

dn: uid=nss,cn=sysaccounts,cn=etc,dc=example,dc=com
objectClass: account
objectClass: simplesecurityobject
objectClass: top
uid: nss
userPassword: Your own shared password here

On the IPA server, get a ticket for the admin user.

# kinit admin

You should be able to log in as admin using ssh without providing a password.

# ssh admin@ipaclient.example.com

System Login#

On the AIX machine console, enter the admin username and password. You should be able to log in.

Use the id command to verify user and group information.

Note:

By default, admin is given /bin/bash as the shell to use and /home/admin as the home directory. You may need to install bash (or link sh to /bin/bash or modify admin to use /bin/sh or a shell available in all of your systems) to be able to log in.

netgroup#

Some words of caution. The comment-line in most of these files in * and not # as is usual for *nix configuration files. I found that deleting values rather than trying to comment then out was more helpful.

The order in some files seems to be important for some reason. Simply moving SYSTEM and registry in /etc/security/user once solved getting netgroup working. My advice would be to maintain the existing formatting and order as much as possible.

This example assumes we are going to be granting access to the machine to users in the netgroup mygroup. To add this group to IPA and allow the user admin do the following on the IPA server:

$ kinit admin
$ ipa netgroup-add --desc='AIX users' mygroup
$ ipa netgroup-add-member --users=admin mygroup

1. On the AIX client, add the netgroup basedn to /etc/security/ldap/ldap.cfg:

netgroupbasedn: cn=ng,cn=compat,dc=example,dc=com

Restart the LDAP client:

# /usr/sbin/restart-secldapclntd

Test that a netgroup is visible

# lsldap -a netgroup mygroup

4. Add the netgroup option to LDAP and KRB5ALDAP in /usr/lib/security/methods.cfg:

LDAP:
        program = /usr/lib/security/LDAP
        program_64 =/usr/lib/security/LDAP64
        options = netgroup
        ...
KRB5ALDAP:
        options = auth=KRB5A,db=LDAP,netgroup

Configure /etc/irs.conf for netgroups:

# cat /etc/irs.conf
netgroup nis_ldap

6. Either modify the default user in /etc/security/user to use SYSTEM = compat and registry = compat or create a user admin entry and configure that for compat:

This is what it looks like if you create a separate user:

default:
...
        SYSTEM = compat
        registry = compat
        ...

admin:
    SYSTEM = compat
    registry = compat

Add our netgroup to /etc/passwd:

echo "+@mygroup" >> /etc/passwd

Configure /etc/group for netgroups:

# echo "+:" >> /etc/group

Test the admin user:

# lsuser -R compat admin
admin id=155000000 pgrp=admins groups=admins home=/home/admin...

A full test is to su to the user or log in via ssh.

For users not found in the netgroup you’ll get a log entry like this in /var/log/sshd.log

Aug 24 10:38:29 ipaaix auth|security:info sshd[348394]: Invalid user admin from x.x.x.x Aug 24 10:38:30 ipaaix auth|security:info syslog: ssh: failed login attempt for UNKNOWN_USER from x.x.x.x Aug 24 10:38:30 ipaaix auth|security:info sshd[348394]: Failed none for invalid user admin from x.x.x.x port 34085 ssh2

Additional help#

Some additional AIX configuration pages that may be relevant and helpful.

ConfiguringAixClients

Contents